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The well-documented potential for dry cleaners using perchloroethylene
(PCE) to impact soil and groundwater has not been met with
a commensurate regulatory response for water quality protection.
Typically, dry cleaner releases are only discovered in the
course of Phase II investigations for property transactions,
or when PCE shows up in a nearby groundwater investigation,
for example, at fuel leak sites. Unfortunately, in too many
instances, the first indication of a dry cleaner release has
been detection of PCE in water supply wells. While dry cleaners
are held to stringent regulatory standards for air emissions,
sewer discharges, and hazardous materials handling, there
are currently no California regulations requiring ongoing
monitoring of groundwater to detect releases from dry cleaners.
When PCE is detected in a supply well or on a neighboring
property, it can be very difficult to attribute the release
to a specific dry cleaner. PCE is used by many businesses,
including automotive maintenance, printing, electronics manufacturing,
and high temperature degreasing for various metal fabricating
businesses. Dry cleaners have occupied many locations, sometimes
for only a few years before moving to a new location, leaving
multiple potential sources. Even as equipment upgrades and
improved solvent handling practices have led to major improvements
in minimizing solvent losses, a number of avenues remain by
which PCE may escape operating dry cleaners.
This symposium focused on technologies for rapid and effective
screening and subsurface characterization of former and current
dry cleaning operations, forensic techniques for identifying
contributors to PCE contamination, and a wide variety of innovative
technologies for the remediation of PCE releases from dry
cleaners. Case studies were featured representing the gamut
of challenges dry cleaners pose for consultants and regulators
alike. The Santa Clara Valley Dry Cleaner Study presented
a county-wide view of dry cleaner impacts, and a panel discussion
which included regulators, consultants, attorneys, water purveyors,
and dry cleaning industry representatives. A featured presentation
profiled the Lodi dry cleaner cases.
PROGRAM AGENDA
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| 7:00 - 5:00 PM |
Registration |
| 8:00 - 8:15 AM |
GRA Introduction
Tom Mohr and Sarah Raker, Symposium Co-Chairs
Source Investigation and Characterization Techniques
Sarah Raker, Moderator |
| 8:15 - 8:40 |
The Past is the Key to the Present
- Conducting Contamination Assessment Work at Dry Cleaning
Sites
Bill Linn, Florida Department of Environmental Protection
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| 8:40 - 9:05 |
Investigations of PCE from Dry Cleaner Wastewater
Separators
Peter Krasnoff, West Environmental Services & Technology
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| 9:05 - 9:30 |
Passive Soil Gas Sampling - Dry
Cleaner Sites, Central Valley, California
Stephen Carlton, GeoTrans, Inc. |
| 9:30 - 9:55 |
An Integrated Geologic and Engineering Approach to
Characterization and Remediation of a Chlorinated Solvent
Source Area, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore,
CA
John Karachewski, Weiss Associates |
| 9:55 - 10-15 |
BREAK
SPONSORED BY CHEMICAL RISK SCIENCES INTERNATIONAL
Health Risk from PCE Ingestion and Inhalation
James Clark, Moderator |
| 10:15 - 10:40 |
Risk Assessment of Perchloroethylene and Related
Chemicals in Drinking Water
Robert Howd, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment
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| 10:40 - 11:05 |
Controlling Factors in the Quantification
of Risk at Dry Cleaner Release Sites Norman Ozaki, SOMA
Corporation |
Concurrent Session A - Remedial Strategies
for Dry Cleaner Sites
Wendy Cohen, Moderator
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| 11:05 - 11:30 |
In Situ Anaerobic Bioremediation
of a Former Dry Cleaner Site at Naval Station Treasure
Island
Daniel Leigh, Shaw Environmental, Inc. |
| 11:30 - 11:55 |
Remedial Solutions Supporting Brownfields
Revitalization - Hydraulic Fracturing, Bio-Stimulation,
and Brownfields Economics
Scott Andrews, ARCADIS Inc. |
| KEYNOTE LUNCHEON PRESENTATION |
| 1:05 - 1:30 |
Remedial Strategies and Economics of Dry Cleaner
Sites in Southern California
Bita Tabatabai, ENVIRON International Corporation |
| 1:30 - 1:55 |
A Practical Approach to Choosing Between Bioaugmentation
and Biostimulation
Barry Molnaa, ARCADIS Inc. |
Concurrent Session B - Remedial Strategies
for Dry Cleaner Sites
Janet Peters, Moderator
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| 11:05 - 11:30 |
The Role of Treatability Testing in
Remediating Dry Cleaner Sites Cindy G. Schreier, PRIMA
Environmental |
| 11:30 - 11:55 |
Use of Iron Based Technologies for
Remediation of Dry Cleaner Sites John Vogan, EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc. |
| KEYNOTE LUNCHEON PRESENTATION |
| 1:05 - 1:30 |
Electrical Resistive Heating: An Emerging Technology
for Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Source Areas
Dwight Hoenig, Clayton Group Services, Inc. |
| 1:30 - 1:55 |
Remediation with Permanganate: Current State of the
Art
Brenda Veronda, Carus Chemical Company |
| 12:00 - 1: 00 |
LUNCH and KEYNOTE PRESENTATION
A Special Presentation By:
Arthur Baggett, Jr., State Water Resources Control Board
An Overview of State Dry Cleaner Remediation Programs
Richard DeZeeuw, State Coalition for Remediation of Dry
Cleaners Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
Assessing and Managing Water Supply Impacts from Dry
Cleaner Release Sites
Barry Molnaa Moderator |
| 1:55 - 2:20 |
National PCE and Dry Cleaner Damage Assessment
Model
Paul Rosenfeld, UCLA Department of Environmental Science
and Engineering |
| 2:20 - 2:45 |
PCE Defective Product Litigation
Scott Summy, The Water Lawyer, Baron & Budd |
| 2:45 - 3:00 |
BREAK |
| 3:00 - 4:00 |
The Lodi Dry Cleaner Case Study- Lessons Learned
Steven Goldberg, Moderator
Representatives including:
Dan Bradshaw, LFR Levine Fricke
Lori Gualco, Esq.
Steven Goldberg, Esq., Downey, Brand, Seymour & Rohwer
LLP
Duncan Austin, Regional Water Quality Control Board
D. Stephen Schwabauer, Deputy City Attorney, City of Lodi
Fred Stanin, Malcolm Pirnie |
| 4:00 - 5:00 |
Policy Discussion
Tom Johnson Moderator
Wendy Cohen, California Regional Water Quality Control
Board- Central Valley Region
Sandra Giarde, California Cleaners Association
Jan Greben, Greben & Associates
Richard DeZeeuw, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
James Crowley, Santa Clara Valley Water District
TBA, Halogenated Solvents Industry |
| 5:00 - 7:00 |
Reception and Poster Session |
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POSTERS
- Full-Scale In-Situ Reactive Zone (IRZTM) Lessons
Learned
Scott Davis, ARCADIS, Inc.
- The Effects of Chemical Property Variability
on the Risk Assessment of Dry Cleaning Chemicals
David Jeffrey, Ph.D., Best Science Environmental,
LLC
- Bio-Stimulation for PCE Biodegradation Using
Cheese Whey
Stephen Henshaw, Environmental Forensics Investigations,
Inc.
- An Improved PBPK Model of Perchloroethylene (PCE):
Risk Assessment Implications
Janet Kester, Ph.D., ENVIRON Health Sciences Institute
- Dry Cleaner PE Plumes and Municipal Wellfield
Operation in the California Central Valley
John Lambie, S.S. Papadopulos & Associates
- Cumulative Impacts of Dry Cleaning Plants in
Santa Clara County, California
Thomas Mohr, Santa Clara Valley Water District
- Efficient and Innovative Methods to Remediate
Small Dry Cleaning Sites
Barry Molnaa, ARCADIS, Inc.
- Behavior of a Single HRC Application in Excavation
Backfill
Michael Stevens, Hart Crowser, Inc.
- Distinguishing Operational Releases Versus Spills
for Insurance Allocation
Nicole Sweetland, Ph.D., Daniel B. Stephens & Associates,
Inc.
- The Lodi Central Plume Area - Correlation of
PCE Releases to Indoor Air
Harold R. (Bud) Duke, R.G. James Hope, David L. Berry,
Ph.D., and Michael Vivas, P.E., Northern California
Cleanup OP Branch, Department of Toxic Substances
Control
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE:
GRA thanks the following organizations for providing
their staff's time, expertise, and resources to organize
this event:
Santa Clara Valley
Water District - Tom Mohr (Symposium Co-Chair) and
John McHugh
San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control
Board - Sarah Raker (Symposium Co-Chair)
LFR Levine Fricke - Tom Johnson, Don Bradshaw,
Jenifer Beatty
ARCADIS G&M, Inc. - Scott Davis, Janet Peters,
Mark Fenner
SWAPE Inc. - James Clark, Paul Rosenfeld
Kiff Analytical Laboratories - Joel Kiff and
Shelley Gardner
EMAX Laboratory - Jim Carter
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